Genetics

117 articles with this tag

How Bacteria Share Antibiotic Resistance—Gene by Gene Science

How Bacteria Share Antibiotic Resistance—Gene by Gene

Bacteria swap resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer—conjugation, transduction, and transformation—spreading drug-proof traits across speci...

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How FGF21 Works—the Hormone That Burns Fat Science

How FGF21 Works—the Hormone That Burns Fat

FGF21 is a natural hormone that boosts metabolism, curbs sugar cravings, and may offer a new approach to treating obesity and liver disease—distinct f...

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How Metformin Works—and Why It Does Far More Than Expected Health

How Metformin Works—and Why It Does Far More Than Expected

Metformin, a cheap diabetes drug derived from a medieval plant remedy, is being studied for anti-aging, cancer prevention, and heart protection—making...

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How T Cell Metabolism Powers Your Immune System Science

How T Cell Metabolism Powers Your Immune System

T cells dramatically rewire their energy systems when fighting disease. Understanding how these immune cells switch metabolic gears explains why some...

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How CAR T-Cell Therapy Works—Reprogramming Immunity Health

How CAR T-Cell Therapy Works—Reprogramming Immunity

CAR T-cell therapy genetically engineers a patient's own immune cells to hunt and destroy cancer. Once limited to blood cancers, it is now expanding i...

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How Urban Evolution Works—Animals Adapting to Cities Science

How Urban Evolution Works—Animals Adapting to Cities

Cities are driving rapid genetic and behavioral changes in wildlife. From lizards with bigger toe pads to mice that digest junk food, urban evolution...

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How RNAi Drugs Work—Silencing Genes to Treat Disease Science

How RNAi Drugs Work—Silencing Genes to Treat Disease

RNA interference drugs use tiny molecules to silence disease-causing genes before they can produce harmful proteins, offering long-lasting treatments...

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How Optogenetics Works—Controlling Cells With Light Science

How Optogenetics Works—Controlling Cells With Light

Optogenetics uses light-sensitive proteins to switch individual brain cells on and off with millisecond precision, opening doors to treating blindness...

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How ALS Attacks the Body—and Why It's So Hard to Stop Science

How ALS Attacks the Body—and Why It's So Hard to Stop

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis destroys motor neurons that control voluntary movement, leaving patients progressively paralyzed. Here's how the disease...

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How mRNA Cancer Vaccines Work—and Why They Matter Science

How mRNA Cancer Vaccines Work—and Why They Matter

The same mRNA technology behind COVID-19 shots is now being turned against cancer. Personalized therapeutic vaccines teach a patient's immune system t...

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How Autism and ADHD Overlap in the Brain Science

How Autism and ADHD Overlap in the Brain

Up to 70% of people with autism also have ADHD. New brain-imaging and genetic research reveals why these two conditions so often travel together—and w...

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How Codon Bias Works—DNA's Hidden Second Code Science

How Codon Bias Works—DNA's Hidden Second Code

The genetic code has 64 codons but only 20 amino acids, and scientists long assumed the 'extra' codons were interchangeable. New research reveals cell...

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